The organs of the spleen, liver, and kidneys primarily produce blood.

• The spleen is responsible for transforming food essences into qi and blood. It extracts nutrients from food and fluids, including vital substances such as qi, and sends them to the liver for further processing.

• The liver stores and regulates the volume of blood in the body. It also ensures the smooth flow of qi and blood throughout the body.

• The kidneys provide the essence (jing) necessary to produce blood. This essence is considered the foundation of blood and is vital for nourishing and replenishing the blood supply.

Blood metabolism refers to the ongoing process of renewal and transformation of blood within the body. This includes the breakdown of old or damaged blood cells and the synthesis of new blood cells to replace them. The liver plays a central role in blood metabolism, as it filters and detoxifies the blood, removing impurities and waste products. It also stores and regulates the distribution of blood throughout the body. Blood metabolism is closely linked to the functions of other organ systems, including the spleen, kidneys, and heart. These organs work together to ensure the proper balance and circulation of blood throughout the body.

Blood circulation refers to blood movement through the cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood vessels, and capillaries. It is essential for delivering oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells and tissues throughout the body.
In TCM, blood circulation is closely linked to qi circulation. Qi and blood flow together through the meridian system, which consists of a network of channels that connect the organs and tissues of the body.

Smooth and unobstructed blood circulation is essential for maintaining overall health and vitality. Blockages or disruptions in blood flow can lead to various health issues, including pain, inflammation, and energy stagnation.