The Transformation and Transportation of Food
The spleen plays a crucial role in food metabolism and the production of vital substances such as qi and blood. It is responsible for separating the usable nutrients from the unusable waste products in ingested food. It distinguishes between the nutritive essence (food-qi) and the waste material, directing the former to be utilised by the body and the latter to be eliminated as waste.
Once the spleen has separated the usable part of the food, it transforms this essence into a vital substance known as food-qi. This food-qi is then directed upwards to the lungs, where it combines with air to form gathering qi (zong qi), essential for respiratory and energy production. In addition to directing food qi to the lungs, the spleen also sends a portion of the refined essence to the heart, contributing to blood formation. This process involves the transformation of food essences into the vital components necessary for producing blood cells and haemoglobin. The spleen is crucial in transporting refined and unrefined substances to other organs. It sends the sophisticated part of the essence to the liver, where it is further processed and distributed throughout the body. Meanwhile, the unrefined part is sent to the heart for further transformation.
The spleen's transformation and transportation functions are vital for digestion, nutrient absorption, and the production of essential substances like qi and blood. When the spleen is functioning optimally, it supports overall health and vitality. However, imbalances or weaknesses in the spleen's function can lead to digestive disorders, fatigue, and other health issues in TCM. Therefore, maintaining the health of the spleen through proper diet, lifestyle habits, and TCM therapies is essential for promoting overall well-being.
Digestion
Metabolism of Food
The metabolism of food is understood through a series of processes that occur within the body to extract nutrients and energy from food and distribute them to various organs and tissues. These processes include:
-
Reception of Food and Drink: This involves the intake of food and beverages through the mouth, followed by the breakdown of food particles into smaller components that the body can absorb.
-
Rotting and Ripening of Food: According to TCM theory, the stomach is likened to a cauldron where food is processed. Food undergoes a process of "rotting and ripening" in the stomach, where it is broken down into smaller, more digestible substances.
-
Transformation of Food Essences: After food is partially digested in the stomach, it moves to the small intestine, where further breakdown and absorption occur. The nutrients from food are transformed into usable substances, including amino acids, sugars, vitamins, and minerals, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream.
-
Transportation of Food Essences: Once nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream, they are transported to various organs and tissues throughout the body to provide energy and support cellular functions. The circulatory system, which includes the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, facilitates this transportation.
These processes are essential for extracting nutrients from food and converting them into energy and building blocks for the body's tissues and organs. In TCM, the quality of digestion and metabolism is closely linked to overall health, and imbalances in these processes can contribute to various health issues. Therefore, maintaining a balanced diet, eating mindfully, and supporting healthy digestion are essential principles in TCM for promoting overall well-being.
Food-Qi
Gu-Qi
Food-qi refers to the vital energy or life force extracted from food during digestion. The energetic aspect of food provides the body with the energy necessary for all physiological functions and activities. Food-qi is considered one of the primary sources of qi, or vital energy, in the body. After food is ingested and digested, the essence of food-qi is extracted and transported to various organs and tissues to support their functions.
Food Essence
Jing
Food essences, also known as jing, are the nutritional components of food that are transformed and absorbed by the body to support the growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues and organs. Jing is considered one of the Three Treasures in TCM, along with qi and then. It is believed to be stored in the kidneys and plays a vital role in reproduction, development, and aging. Food essences include essential nutrients such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, which are absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed throughout the body to nourish and replenish cells and tissues.
The metabolism of food in TCM involves the harmonious interaction and transformation of food-qi and food essences, which are essential for sustaining life and maintaining health. Imbalances in the metabolism of these substances can lead to various health issues and disharmonies within the body. Therefore, TCM emphasises the importance of proper digestion, balanced nutrition, and lifestyle habits to support optimal metabolism and overall well-being.